Description
The Contrabassoon
The contrabassoon, also known as the double bassoon, is a larger version of the bassoon, sounding an octave lower. Its technique is similar to its smaller cousin, with a few notable differences. The reed is considerably larger than the bassoon’s, at 65–75 mm (2.6–3.0 in) in total length (and 20 mm (0.8 in) in width) compared with 53–58 mm (2.1–2.3 in) for most bassoon reeds.
The large blades allow ample vibration that produces the low register of the instrument. Contrabassoons feature a slightly simplified version of bassoon keywork, though all open toneholes on bassoon have necessarily been replaced with keys and pads due to the physical distances.
In the lower register, its fingerings are nearly identical to bassoon. However, the octave mechanism used to play in the middle register works differently than on bassoon, and the upper register fingerings are often completely unrelated. The instrument is twice as long as the bassoon, curves around on itself twice and, due to its weight and shape, is supported by an endpin rather than a seat strap.
Additional support is sometimes provided by a strap around the player’s neck. A wider hand position is also required, as the primary finger keys are widely spaced. The contrabassoon has a water key to expel condensation and a tuning slide for gross pitch adjustments. The instrument comes in a few pieces (plus bocal ); some models cannot be disassembled without a screwdriver. Sometimes, the bell can be detached, and instruments with a low A extension often come in two parts.
The contrabassoon is a very deep-sounding woodwind instrument that plays in the same sub-bass register as the tuba, double bass, or contrabass clarinet. It has a sounding range beginning at B ♭0 (or A 0, on some instruments) and extending up over three octaves to D 4, though the highest fourth is rarely scored for. Contrabassoon parts are notated an octave above sounding pitch, and most often use bass clef. Like bassoon, extended high-register passages may use tenor clef, though this is rarely necessary due to the rarity of such passages. The use of treble clef is even less common, and is only necessary for the most ambitious solo repertoire. Tonally, it sounds similar to the bassoon, but at all parts of its compass is distinctly different in tone from it.
The first useful contrabassoon, or double bassoon, sounding an octave lower than the bassoon and much employed in large scores, was developed in Vienna and used occasionally by the classical composers. The modern contrabassoon follows Heckel’s design of approximately 1870, with the tubing doubled back four times.
The contrabassoon is a supplementary orchestral instrument and is most frequently found in larger symphonic works, often doubling the bass trombone or tuba at the octave. Frequent exponents of such scoring were Brahms and Mahler, as well as Richard Strauss, and Dmitri Shostakovich 1.
Some of the most famous songs that feature contrabassoon include:
“The Rite of Spring” by Igor Stravinsky
“Peter and the Wolf” by Sergei Prokofiev
“The Sorcerer’s Apprentice” by Paul Dukas 3.
FAQ:
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- What is a Contra Bassoon? A Contra Bassoon is a large double-reed woodwind instrument, known for its deep, rich sound and distinctive appearance. It is significantly larger than a standard bassoon, with a longer tube and a wider bore, allowing it to produce lower pitches.
- How is a Contra Bassoon played? Playing the Contra Bassoon requires the musician to use a double reed attached to a bocal, similar to the bassoon. However, due to its size, the Contra Bassoon is played in a seated position, with the instrument supported by a floor peg. The player uses their fingers to cover and uncover tone holes along the instrument’s body, controlling pitch and creating different musical expressions.
- What is the range of the Contra Bassoon? The Contra Bassoon has an extended range compared to the bassoon, with its lowest note typically being a B♭1 or even lower. Its range extends upwards to approximately B♭4 or C5, depending on the instrument and the player’s skill level.
- Where is the Contra Bassoon commonly used? The Contra Bassoon is commonly used in orchestras and large ensembles, where its deep, resonant tones provide a solid foundation in the bass register. It is also featured in concert bands, wind ensembles, and occasionally in chamber music settings for its unique timbre and expressive capabilities.
- Is the Contra Bassoon difficult to learn? Learning to play the Contra Bassoon requires dedication and patience due to its size and complexity. However, musicians with prior experience on the bassoon or other double-reed instruments may find the transition smoother. Proper technique, embouchure control, and breath support are essential for mastering the instrument and producing its characteristic sound.
- What are some famous pieces featuring the Contra Bassoon? The Contra Bassoon is often featured in orchestral compositions, particularly in works by composers such as Richard Strauss, Gustav Mahler, and Igor Stravinsky. Its deep, sonorous tones add depth and color to symphonic repertoire, with notable solos and prominent passages in various symphonies, tone poems, and operas.
- Can the Contra Bassoon be used in jazz or contemporary music? While less common, the Contra Bassoon has been utilized in jazz and contemporary music settings for its unique timbre and expressive capabilities. Some avant-garde composers and experimental musicians have incorporated the Contra Bassoon into their compositions, exploring its potential for creating unconventional sounds and textures.
- Where can I find a Contra Bassoon for purchase or rental? Contra Bassoons are available for purchase or rental from specialized music stores, instrument makers, and online marketplaces. It is advisable to consult with experienced musicians or instructors when selecting a Contra Bassoon to ensure its quality, playability, and suitability for your musical needs.